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Living with Trench fever

A bacterial infection spread by body lice that can cause fever, headache, and shin pain.

Understanding Trench fever

Trench fever is a rare infection caused by the louse-borne bacterium Bartonella quintana.

The illness varies from person to person. It can begin suddenly or slowly, and fevers may come back (relapse). Some people have only vague symptoms that look like other infections. It can happen at any time in life.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these as possible features:

  • Fever that may come back
  • Headache
  • Leg pain, most often in the shinbone
  • Infection of the heart lining (endocarditis)
  • Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Your doctor may refer you to a specialist who knows rare conditions.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
A doctor familiar with rare conditions, plus specialists as needed
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which tests can confirm Bartonella quintana infection?
Which symptoms could mean the heart is involved?
How can we lower the chance of lice and re-infection?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startany time in life

It is caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana, which is carried by lice.

Infectious

Also known as: bartonella quintana caused disease or disorder; bartonella quintana disease or disorder; bartonella quintana infectious disease; bartonellosis due to bartonella quintana infection; febris quintata; fever due to bartonella quintana

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Trench feverGARD ID 18862 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Trench fever.

Explore the Trench fever blog

Explore research for Trench fever

Explore actively recruiting Trench fever studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Trench fever with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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I can help you find recruiting Trench fever studies. Enter a ZIP code, address or city below and I'll look within 50 miles.

Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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HealthStory evolves private journaling with a living AI journal that talks back and asks thoughtful questions, helping you capture your Trench fever experiences more deeply and prepare for better conversations with your doctors and care team.

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