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Living with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

A rare blood cancer of T cells that affects adults and can involve the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.

Understanding T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare cancer of T cells, a type of white blood cell.

It involves the growth of small to medium-sized prolymphocytes. It can affect the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and sometimes the skin. People typically have an enlarged liver and spleen, swollen lymph nodes, a high white blood cell count, anemia, and low platelets. It occurs in adults and older adults.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these:

  • Enlarged liver and spleen
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • High white blood cell count
  • Anemia
  • Low platelet count

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include blood and bone marrow specialists and cancer specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Blood and bone marrow specialists (hematologists); Cancer specialists (oncologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Blood Cancer United and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
What treatment options fit my situation?
Which tests will track my response?
Which specialists should be on my care team?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startAdult and as an Older Adult

GARD doesn't describe a cause for this condition yet.

Blood

Also known as: cll, t-cell; prolymphocytic leukemia of t-cell type; prolymphocytic leukemia, t-cell type; t cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; t cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; t cell cll

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · T-cell prolymphocytic leukemiaGARD ID 13731 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

Explore the T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia blog

Explore research for T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

Explore actively recruiting T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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