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Living with Southeast Asian ovalocytosis

An inherited red blood cell condition with oval-shaped cells that often causes no symptoms or only mild ones.

Understanding Southeast Asian ovalocytosis

Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO), also called stomatocytic elliptocytosis, is a rare inherited defect in the red blood cell membrane.

Red blood cells are oval in shape. Most people have no symptoms, though some have mild symptoms such as paleness, jaundice, anemia and gallstones. It can show up at any time in life.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Oval-shaped red blood cells
  • Paleness from anemia
  • Tiredness
  • Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
  • Enlarged spleen
  • Less ability to exercise

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include blood and bone marrow specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in SLC4A1 are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
Blood and bone marrow specialists (hematologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Can genetic testing of the SLC4A1 gene confirm this diagnosis?
Do I need any regular blood tests?
Should I watch for signs of gallstones?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startany time in life
InheritanceAutosomal Dominant
GenesSLC4A1

GARD lists changes in the SLC4A1 gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning one changed copy of the gene is enough.

GeneticBlood

Also known as: elliptocytosis 4; he, stomatocytic; melanesian elliptocytosis; melanesian ovalocytosis; ovalocytosis, malaysian-melanesian-filipino type; ovalocytosis, sa type

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Southeast Asian ovalocytosisGARD ID 16867 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Southeast Asian ovalocytosis.

Explore the Southeast Asian ovalocytosis blog

Explore research for Southeast Asian ovalocytosis

Explore actively recruiting Southeast Asian ovalocytosis studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Southeast Asian ovalocytosis with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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