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Living with Rhabdoid tumor

A rare, fast-growing soft tissue cancer in infants and children that can start in the kidney, liver, nerves, or elsewhere.

Understanding Rhabdoid tumor

Rhabdoid tumor is an aggressive soft tissue cancer (sarcoma) that mainly affects babies and children.

It can arise in the kidney, liver, nerves, or other soft tissue. When it involves the brain or spinal cord, it is called an atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. First symptoms often come from a large tumor pressing on nearby areas, such as trouble breathing, a belly lump, or nerve weakness. GARD says no standard care exists, but many studies are ongoing.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Belly pain or a lump in the belly
  • Blood in the urine
  • Firm lump under the skin
  • Trouble breathing
  • Headache
  • Nerve weakness or paralysis

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include cancer specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Cancer specialists (oncologists)
Expert care
Expert lists: Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Should we have genetic testing for SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 gene changes?
Are there clinical studies my child could join?
Which specialists should be part of the care team?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually starta variety of ages

In about 90% of cases it is caused by a change in the SMARCB1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene. In rare cases, it is caused by a change in the SMARCA4 gene.

Also known as: malignant rhabdoid tumor; malignant rhabdoid tumour; rdt; rhabdoid sarcoma

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Rhabdoid tumorGARD ID 7572 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Rhabdoid tumor.

Explore the Rhabdoid tumor blog

Explore research for Rhabdoid tumor

Explore actively recruiting Rhabdoid tumor studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Rhabdoid tumor with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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