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Living with Pure red-cell aplasia

A rare bone marrow condition in which too few red blood cells are made, causing anemia.

Understanding Pure red-cell aplasia

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare bone marrow condition in which the marrow makes fewer red blood cells, causing anemia.

Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. With fewer of them, people may feel tired and look pale. A rare form that is present from birth is called Diamond Blackfan syndrome, which is inherited and may involve other physical differences.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD says they may include:

  • Tiredness (fatigue)
  • Low energy (lethargy)
  • Pale skin
  • Anemia (low red blood cells)

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Your doctor may refer you to a specialist who knows rare conditions.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Autoimmune Association and Global Autoimmune Institute may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
A doctor familiar with rare conditions, plus specialists as needed
Expert care
Expert lists: Autoimmune Association, Global Autoimmune Institute
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Autoimmune Association and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
What is the likely cause of my red cell aplasia?
Which tests will look for an underlying condition?
What treatment options are there for my anemia?

Quick facts

PRCA has many causes, including some medicines, infections, pregnancy, kidney failure, thymomas, autoimmune disease like lupus, blood cancers, and solid tumors. In many cases the cause is unknown.

Also known as: prca; primary red cell aplasia; pure red cell anemia; pure red cell aplasia; pure red cell aplasia, acquired; red cell aplasia

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Pure red-cell aplasiaGARD ID 7504 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Pure red-cell aplasia.

Explore the Pure red-cell aplasia blog

Explore research for Pure red-cell aplasia

Explore actively recruiting Pure red-cell aplasia studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Pure red-cell aplasia with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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