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Living with Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy

A POLG-related condition, also called Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome, with seizures, loss of skills, and liver disease in childhood.

Understanding Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy

Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy, also called Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome, is one of the most severe of the POLG-related disorders, which involve muscle, nerve, and brain function.

It usually becomes clear in children between ages 2 and 4. Three main features are seizures that don't improve with treatment, loss of mental and movement skills, and liver disease. Other signs can include poor coordination, nerve problems, low muscle tone, migraines, and vision or hearing loss. GARD lists onset as varying by age.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Seizures, including ones hard to treat
  • Loss of developmental skills
  • Poor balance and coordination (ataxia)
  • Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
  • Sudden muscle jerks (myoclonus)
  • Absent reflexes (areflexia)

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists, digestive system specialists, genetic specialists and seizure and epilepsy specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in POLG are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Epilepsy Foundation, United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation and MitoAction may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Digestive system specialists (gastroenterologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists); Seizure and epilepsy specialists (epileptologist)
Expert care
Expert lists: Epilepsy Foundation, United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation, MitoAction
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with CureARS and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Would genetic testing for the POLG gene help our family?
How should liver health be monitored?
What can help control the seizures?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually starta variety of ages
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive, Mitochondrial
GenesPOLG

This condition is caused by changes in the POLG gene. GARD lists autosomal recessive and mitochondrial inheritance.

GeneticNeurologicalGastrointestinalInherited MetabolicMitochondrial

Also known as: ahd; ahs; alper syndrome; alper's disease; alper's syndrome; alpers diffuse degeneration of cerebral gray matter with hepatic cirrhosis

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophyGARD ID 5783 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy.

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