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Living with Prion disease

A group of rare conditions that affect the brain, causing memory, personality and behavior changes, dementia and trouble with coordination.

Understanding Prion disease

Prion disease is a group of conditions that affect the nervous system in humans and animals.

In people these conditions impair brain function and cause changes in memory, personality and behavior, a decline in thinking skills (dementia) and abnormal movements, especially trouble coordinating movement (ataxia). Signs typically begin in adulthood and worsen over time.

Signs & symptoms

GARD doesn't list a separate symptom list for this condition. It describes these:

  • Memory changes
  • Personality and behavior changes
  • Dementia (decline in thinking skills)
  • Trouble coordinating movement (ataxia)
  • Abnormal movements

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Your doctor may refer you to a specialist who knows rare conditions.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
A doctor familiar with rare conditions, plus specialists as needed
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which type of prion disease is suspected, and how is it confirmed?
Should we consider genetic testing or counseling?
What care and support services are available for my family?

Quick facts

GARD doesn't describe a cause for this condition in this record.

Also known as: prion disease pathway; prion induced disorder; prion protein disease; spongiform encephalopathy; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Prion diseaseGARD ID 24183 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Prion disease.

Explore the Prion disease blog

Explore research for Prion disease

Explore actively recruiting Prion disease studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Prion disease with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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I can help you find recruiting Prion disease studies. Enter a ZIP code, address or city below and I'll look within 50 miles.

Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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HealthStoryfor Prion disease

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HealthStory evolves private journaling with a living AI journal that talks back and asks thoughtful questions, helping you capture your Prion disease experiences more deeply and prepare for better conversations with your doctors and care team.

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