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Living with Primary syringomyelia

A rare spinal cord condition in which a fluid-filled cavity forms in the spinal cord, causing pain and changes in feeling and movement.

Understanding Primary syringomyelia

Primary syringomyelia is a rare malformation of the spinal cord in which a fluid-filled cavity (a syrinx) forms inside the spinal cord.

It can be of unknown cause or familial. In people with symptoms, there can be nerve pain, and changes in feeling and movement. A typical sign is a cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation along the torso and arms. Another is much more movement impairment in the arms than the legs.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD describes these:

  • Nerve pain
  • Loss of pain and temperature feeling over the torso and arms
  • Arm weakness
  • Changes in movement and feeling

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Bobby Jones Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Expert lists: Bobby Jones Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Bobby Jones Chiari & Syringomyelia Foundation and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
How large is the syrinx, and is it changing on MRI?
What treatment options are there if symptoms worsen?
How can nerve pain be managed?

Quick facts

GARD says it is either of unknown cause or seen as a familial malformation. It doesn't name a gene.

GeneticNeurological

Also known as: congenital syringomyelia

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Primary syringomyeliaGARD ID 19691 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Primary syringomyelia.

Explore the Primary syringomyelia blog

Explore research for Primary syringomyelia

Explore actively recruiting Primary syringomyelia studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Primary syringomyelia with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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