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Living with Primary effusion lymphoma

A rare large B-cell lymphoma that grows in body cavities and causes fluid around the lungs, heart or abdomen.

Understanding Primary effusion lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell lymphoma located in the body cavities that causes fluid buildup (effusions) around the lungs, abdomen and heart.

GARD says it is always associated with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8). It usually appears in adults.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these:

  • Fluid around the lungs
  • Fluid around the heart
  • Swollen or painful belly
  • Trouble breathing
  • Weakened immune system

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include blood and bone marrow specialists and cancer specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Blood and bone marrow specialists (hematologists); Cancer specialists (oncologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
How is the lymphoma confirmed, for example with fluid testing?
What treatment options are available?
How does my immune health affect my care?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startAdult

GARD says the condition is always associated with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8).

Blood

Also known as: body cavity-based lymphoma; pel

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Primary effusion lymphomaGARD ID 9247 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Primary effusion lymphoma.

Explore the Primary effusion lymphoma blog

Explore research for Primary effusion lymphoma

Explore actively recruiting Primary effusion lymphoma studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Primary effusion lymphoma with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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