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Living with Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb

A rare limb difference present from birth in which a thumb or big toe is duplicated, without other health problems.

Understanding Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb

Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb is a rare limb difference in which part of a thumb or big toe is duplicated.

It does not come with other syndrome features. It is present at birth. Both hands are often affected, and the right hand is more often involved than the left. A duplicated big toe can occur with or without a thumb difference and is most often on the right foot only.

Signs & symptoms

GARD doesn't list specific symptoms for this condition yet. It describes this:

  • Duplicated thumb bone or bones
  • Duplicated big toe bone or bones

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include bone and joint specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in GLI1 are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
Bone and joint specialists (orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Would genetic testing for GLI1 help our family?
What surgical or therapy options are there for the thumb or toe?
When is the best time to consider treatment?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startNewborn and as an Infant
InheritanceAutosomal Dominant
GenesGLI1

Changes in the GLI1 gene cause this condition. It is autosomal dominant, meaning one changed copy of the gene is enough.

Genetic

Also known as: extra thumb; fromont anomaly; polydactyly affecting the thumb; polydactyly, preaxial i; polydactyly, preaxial type 1; ppd1

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumbGARD ID 4417 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb.

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  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
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  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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