Living with Pachygyria-intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome
A rare genetic brain condition with a smooth-looking brain surface, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures.
Understanding Pachygyria-intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome
In this condition, the brain's surface has fewer, wider folds than usual (pachygyria), and fluid-filled sacs called arachnoid cysts may be present. People have delays in development and intellectual disability. Seizures are common, and headaches sometimes occur. GARD lists the onset as childhood.
Signs & symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:
- Severe intellectual disability
- Delays in development (global developmental delay)
- Seizures
- Premature birth
Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.
Diagnosis
- 1Talk with your doctor
Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.
- 2See a specialist
Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists, genetic specialists and seizure and epilepsy specialists.
- 3Ask which tests can help
Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.
- 4Connect with expert centers
Epilepsy Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.
Care & treatment
- Care team
- Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists); Seizure and epilepsy specialists (epileptologist)
- Expert care
- Expert lists: Epilepsy Foundation
- Treatment
- GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
- Research
- Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.
General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.
Everyday life
Living with a rare condition is easier with support.
- Connect with Epilepsy Foundation
- Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
- Ask about patient registries that help research
- Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Quick facts
Changes in the genes (also called variants) cause this condition. It is autosomal recessive, which means a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.
Also known as: kuzniecky syndrome; pachygyria with impaired intellectual development, seizures, and arachnoid cysts; pachygyria, intellectual disability, epilepsy syndrome
Patient organizations
- Epilepsy FoundationEpilepsy · United States
Broader rare-disease groups
- Global GenesRare Diseases · United States
- National Organization for Rare DisordersRare Diseases · United States
- Genetic AllianceRare Diseases · United States
- RARE FoundationRare Diseases · United States
You are more than your diagnosis
Perspectives from people navigating life with Pachygyria-intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome.
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