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Living with Neuroblastoma

A cancer of immature nerve cells that most often affects children, usually starting in the adrenal gland.

Understanding Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that most often affects children, in which immature nerve cells become abnormal and form a tumor.

The tumor most often starts in nerve tissue of the adrenal gland above each kidney. It can also start in nerve tissue of the belly, chest, neck, or pelvis. It can spread to the bones, liver, or skin. More specific symptoms depend on where the tumor is and where it has spread.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Swollen belly or belly mass
  • Tiredness (fatigue)
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Low red blood cells (anemia)
  • Swollen lymph nodes

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists and cancer specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation and Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Cancer specialists (oncologists)
Expert care
Expert lists: Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Where is the tumor and has it spread?
Which treatment options are right for my child?
Which specialists should be on my child's care team?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually starta variety of ages

GARD doesn't describe a specific cause for this condition. It occurs when immature nerve cells called neuroblasts become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably.

Neurological

Also known as: cancer of early nerve cells; nb; nb - neuroblastoma; neural crest tumor, malignant; neuroblastoma (schwannian stroma-poor); neuroblastoma, malignant

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · NeuroblastomaGARD ID 7185 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Neuroblastoma.

Explore the Neuroblastoma blog

Explore research for Neuroblastoma

Explore actively recruiting Neuroblastoma studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Neuroblastoma with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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