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Living with Neuroacanthocytosis

A group of inherited conditions with spiky red blood cells and nervous system problems, especially movement disorders.

Understanding Neuroacanthocytosis

Neuroacanthocytosis is a group of genetic conditions with misshapen, spiny red blood cells and nervous system problems, especially with movement.

Age at onset, severity, and physical signs depend on the type. Symptoms usually include chorea (involuntary, dance-like movements), movements of the face and tongue that can't be controlled, memory and thinking changes, muscle weakness, seizures, and behavior or personality changes.

Signs & symptoms

GARD lists these symptoms as usual:

  • Dance-like movements (chorea)
  • Face and tongue movements that can't be controlled
  • Slowly worsening memory and thinking
  • Muscle weakness
  • Seizures
  • Behavior or personality changes

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which type of neuroacanthocytosis do I have?
Is genetic testing available to find the gene?
Which treatments can help with movement symptoms?

Quick facts

GARD says changes in genes cause this condition. The gene and inheritance pattern differ for each type.

GeneticNeurological

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · NeuroacanthocytosisGARD ID 10902 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Neuroacanthocytosis.

Explore the Neuroacanthocytosis blog

Explore research for Neuroacanthocytosis

Explore actively recruiting Neuroacanthocytosis studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Neuroacanthocytosis with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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