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Living with Neonatal asphyxia

A rare brain condition in newborns, starting in the first hours of life, with changes in alertness, muscle tone, feeding, and breathing.

Understanding Neonatal asphyxia

Neonatal asphyxia is a rare brain condition in newborns (neonatal encephalopathy) that starts in the first hours of life.

Babies can have changes in alertness, from irritability and being less responsive to coma. They can also have abnormal reflexes, low muscle tone, seizures, and trouble with feeding and breathing. Long-term effects can include behavior problems, delays in development, learning disabilities, seizures, vision and hearing problems, and cerebral palsy.

Signs & symptoms

GARD doesn't list a symptom list, but the summary describes these features:

  • Irritability or low responsiveness
  • Low muscle tone (hypotonia)
  • Seizures
  • Feeding difficulties
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Abnormal newborn reflexes

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Hope for HIE
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which follow-up care and therapies will my child need?
How should we monitor my child's development?
Which specialists should be on my child's care team?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startNewborn and as an Infant

GARD doesn't describe a cause for this condition yet.

Neurological

Also known as: asphyxia - birth; asphyxia in liveborn infant; asphyxia neonatorum; asphyxia, in liveborn infant; birth asphyxia; birth depression

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Neonatal asphyxiaGARD ID 19875 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Neonatal asphyxia.

Explore the Neonatal asphyxia blog

Explore research for Neonatal asphyxia

Explore actively recruiting Neonatal asphyxia studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Neonatal asphyxia with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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I can help you find recruiting Neonatal asphyxia studies. Enter a ZIP code, address or city below and I'll look within 50 miles.

Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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