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Living with Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndrome

A rare genetic condition with overgrowth, a large head, developmental delay, and a curved spine.

Understanding Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndrome

Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndrome is a rare genetic condition with overgrowth, a large head and brain, and delays in development.

Overgrowth and a large head are seen at birth. People have developmental delay, intellectual disability, and distinct facial features. They may be tall with long fingers, a curved spine, and loose joints. Neurologic signs can include low muscle tone, unsteady walking, or seizures. Brain scans may show differences.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Overgrowth and tall stature
  • Large head size (macrocephaly)
  • Severe intellectual disability
  • Absent speech
  • Unsteady walk (gait ataxia)
  • Seizures

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists, genetic specialists and hormone specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in HERC1 are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists); Hormone specialists (endocrinologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Should we have HERC1 genetic testing for our family?
How should the spine curve be monitored?
What therapies can support development and speech?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startNewborn
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive
GenesHERC1

Changes in the HERC1 gene cause this condition. It is autosomal recessive, meaning a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

GeneticNeurologicalEndocrine

Also known as: megalencephaly, severe kyphoscoliosis, overgrowth syndrome

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndromeGARD ID 17805 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Megalencephaly-severe kyphoscoliosis-overgrowth syndrome.

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