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Living with Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 12

A rare genetic brain condition seen in families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, with severe developmental delay from infancy.

Understanding Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 12

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 12 is a rare genetic condition of the brain's white matter, found in families of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.

It begins in infancy with severe global developmental delay and little or no speech. Some children have no motor development. Low muscle tone, stiffness (spasticity), and a smaller head size are common. Seizures, hearing loss, vision problems, and autonomic problems have also been described. Brain imaging shows delayed myelin and other white matter changes.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Global developmental delay
  • Absent speech
  • Low muscle tone and spasticity
  • Small head
  • Vision problems from the brain
  • Fever-related seizures

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in VPS11 are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    United Leukodystrophy Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Expert lists: United Leukodystrophy Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with United Leukodystrophy Foundation
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which therapies can help with movement and communication?
How should seizures and vision be monitored?
Would genetic testing for VPS11 help our family?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startInfant
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive
GenesVPS11

Changes in the VPS11 gene cause this condition. It is autosomal recessive, so a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

GeneticNeurological

Also known as: hld12; hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 12; leukodystrophy caused by mutation in vps11; leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 12; leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, type 12; vps11 leukodystrophy

Patient organizations

Broader rare-disease groups

Source: NIH GARD · Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 12GARD ID 17837 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

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