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Living with Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital protein S deficiency

An inherited clotting condition with repeated clots in the veins, caused by low protein S.

Understanding Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital protein S deficiency

Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital protein S deficiency is an inherited clotting disorder with repeated blood clots in the veins.

It is caused by reduced making or activity of protein S. It starts in the newborn period or infancy. Skin signs can include red or purple spots and thin skin.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Blood clot in a deep vein
  • Red or purple spots on the skin (purpura)
  • Thin skin
  • Bleeding under the skin
  • Inflamed veins (thrombophlebitis)
  • Eye disease affecting the retina

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include autoimmune and inflammatory disease specialists, blood and bone marrow specialists, bone and joint specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in PROS1 are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
autoimmune and inflammatory disease specialists (rheumatologists); Blood and bone marrow specialists (hematologists); Bone and joint specialists (orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with National Blood Clot Alliance
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Could genetic testing for the PROS1 gene confirm the diagnosis?
What raises my clot risk, and how can I lower it?
Should my relatives be tested?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startNewborn and as an Infant
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive
GenesPROS1

It is caused by changes in the PROS1 gene. It is autosomal recessive, so a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

GeneticBlood

Also known as: autosomal recessive thrombophilia due to congenital protein s deficiency; hereditary protein s deficiency; severe hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital protein s deficiency

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital protein S deficiencyGARD ID 16543 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

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