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Living with Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome

An inherited blood condition that causes moderate anemia because red blood cells break down.

Understanding Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome

Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome is an inherited form of beta-thalassemia that causes moderate anemia from red blood cell breakdown.

Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen. In this condition the hemoglobin is abnormal, and red blood cells break down early (hemolytic anemia). People may also have an enlarged spleen. It can show up at a variety of ages.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Low red blood cell or hemoglobin count (anemia)
  • Small red blood cells (microcytic anemia)
  • Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
  • Abnormal hemoglobin

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include blood and bone marrow specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in HBB are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
Blood and bone marrow specialists (hematologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
How often should my blood counts be checked?
Should my spleen size be monitored?
Should my partner or relatives have genetic testing for HBB?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually starta variety of ages
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive
GenesHBB

It is caused by changes in the HBB gene. It is autosomal recessive, so a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

GeneticBlood

Also known as: c-beta-thalassemia; hbc-beta-thalassemia syndrome; hemoglobin c-f disease; thalassemia-hemoglobin c disease

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndromeGARD ID 20608 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome.

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