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Living with Familial vesicoureteral reflux

An inherited urinary tract condition where urine flows backward from the bladder toward the kidneys.

Understanding Familial vesicoureteral reflux

Familial vesicoureteral reflux is a rare inherited urinary tract condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureter and sometimes the kidneys.

Some people have no symptoms. Others have repeated urinary tract infections, sometimes with fever. A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) can lead to complications such as kidney scarring, high blood pressure, or kidney failure. The reflux may go away on its own. It can be found at any time in life.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD describes:

  • No symptoms in some people
  • Repeated urinary tract infections
  • Fevers with infections
  • Kidney scarring in some cases

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include genetic specialists, kidney specialists and urinary and male reproductive system specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Genetic specialists (geneticists); Kidney specialists (nephrologists); Urinary and male reproductive system specialists (urologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with National Kidney Foundation and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
How often should my kidneys and urine be checked?
How can urinary infections be prevented or caught early?
Should my relatives or children be screened?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startany time in life
InheritanceAutosomal Dominant

Changes in genes cause it. It is autosomal dominant, which means one changed copy of a gene is enough. GARD doesn't name a gene.

GeneticKidneyUrinary and Reproductive

Also known as: familial vur; hereditary vesicoureteral reflux (disease)

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Familial vesicoureteral refluxGARD ID 17323 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Familial vesicoureteral reflux.

Explore the Familial vesicoureteral reflux blog

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  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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