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Living with Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease

An extremely rare inherited brain condition with memory trouble and mood changes in adults.

Understanding Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease

Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease is an extremely rare form of prion disease with features like Alzheimer disease.

It is linked to an abnormal prion protein and starts in adulthood. People have memory problems and depression. It has a long, atypical course, without muscle jerks or loss of balance seen in other prion diseases.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Memory problems
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Changes in behavior
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Emotional ups and downs

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists and genetic specialists.

  3. Consider genetic testing

    Changes in PRNP are linked to this condition. Genetic testing and counseling can help confirm a diagnosis and explain what it means for your family.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Can genetic testing for the PRNP gene confirm this diagnosis?
How can memory and mood symptoms be managed?
Should other family members consider genetic counseling?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startAdult
InheritanceAutosomal Dominant
GenesPRNP

Changes in the PRNP gene cause this condition. It is autosomal dominant, which means a change in one copy of the gene can cause it.

GeneticNeurological

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Familial Alzheimer-like prion diseaseGARD ID 21084 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease.

Explore the Familial Alzheimer-like prion disease blog

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