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Living with Congenital disorder of glycosylation

A group of inherited metabolic conditions in which the body cannot attach sugar chains to proteins, with a wide range of symptoms.

Understanding Congenital disorder of glycosylation

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that affect how cells attach sugar chains to proteins.

People with a CDG are missing one of the enzymes needed for this process, and the type depends on which one. There are 19 identified types, and type IA is the most common. Symptoms vary widely. Some people have severe developmental delay, slow growth and several organ problems. Others have diarrhea, low blood sugar and liver problems, with normal developmental potential.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary widely. GARD's summary says they can include:

  • Developmental delay
  • Slow weight gain (failure to thrive)
  • Problems in several organs
  • Diarrhea
  • Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
  • Liver problems

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include genetic specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    CDG CARE may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Expert lists: CDG CARE
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with CDG CARE and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which type of CDG do I or my child have?
Should we have genetic testing to find the gene?
Which organs should be checked regularly?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startNewborn and as an Infant
InheritanceAutosomal Recessive, X-Linked

Each type is caused by a missing enzyme in the glycosylation process. GARD lists autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance.

GeneticInherited Metabolic

Also known as: carbohydrate deficiency glycoprotein syndrome; carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome; carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome; cdg; cdg - carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome; congenital disorders of glycosylation

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Congenital disorder of glycosylationGARD ID 10307 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Congenital disorder of glycosylation.

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Explore actively recruiting Congenital disorder of glycosylation studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

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