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Living with C1Q deficiency

A rare immune condition linked to skin sores, repeated infections, and lupus-like disease.

Understanding C1Q deficiency

C1q deficiency is a rare immune condition in which the body lacks working C1q, a protein that helps activate the complement system.

It is linked to recurrent skin sores, chronic infections, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or SLE-like diseases, and sometimes kidney disease (mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis). The complement system is a group of proteins that work with the immune system. About 93% of cases are associated with lupus.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these:

  • Repeated infections (ear, urinary tract, mouth, meningitis)
  • Skin lesions that worsen in light
  • Lupus (SLE) or lupus-like disease
  • Cataracts
  • Loss of eyelashes, eyebrows, and scalp hair
  • Blood in urine and kidney inflammation

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Your doctor may refer you to a specialist who knows rare conditions.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Immune Deficiency Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
A doctor familiar with rare conditions, plus specialists as needed
Expert care
Expert lists: Immune Deficiency Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Immune Deficiency Foundation
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which C1Q gene is affected, and can genetic testing tell us?
How can we lower the chance of infections?
How often should kidney function and lupus signs be checked?

Quick facts

Changes in the C1QA, C1QB, or C1QC genes cause this condition. It is autosomal recessive, which means a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

Also known as: c1qd

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · C1Q deficiencyGARD ID 12958 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with C1Q deficiency.

Explore the C1Q deficiency blog

Explore research for C1Q deficiency

Explore actively recruiting C1Q deficiency studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for C1Q deficiency with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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