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Living with Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria

A rare brain condition in which the front of the brain forms too many small folds, affecting movement and learning.

Understanding Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria

Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria is one of the rarest forms of polymicrogyria, with too many small folds in the frontal lobes on both sides of the brain.

It forms before birth. Signs can include delays in movement and language, stiffness and weakness on one side or in all four limbs, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Seizures may occur.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD lists these among the most common:

  • Delayed speech and language
  • Delays in overall development
  • Mild to moderate intellectual disability
  • Stiffness and weakness in all four limbs (spastic tetraparesis)
  • Weakness on one side of the body
  • Seizures

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists, genetic specialists and seizure and epilepsy specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    PMG Awareness Organization and Epilepsy Foundation may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists); Genetic specialists (geneticists); Seizure and epilepsy specialists (epileptologist)
Expert care
Expert lists: PMG Awareness Organization, Epilepsy Foundation
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with PMG Awareness Organization and other patient organizations
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
What does my child's brain scan show?
Which therapies might help with movement and language?
How will seizures be watched for and managed?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startduring Pregnancy, at Birth, and as an Infant

The cause of the frontal form is still not known. A related frontoparietal form is caused by changes in the GPR56 gene.

GeneticNeurological

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Bilateral frontal polymicrogyriaGARD ID 10783 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Bilateral frontal polymicrogyria.

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