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Living with Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood

A rare brain illness in healthy children, with sudden seizures and changes in alertness after a respiratory or stomach infection.

Understanding Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood is a rare neurologic disease that strikes previously healthy children after an infection.

It usually follows a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, such as mycoplasma or influenza. Liver function may also be affected. Brain MRI may show matching lesions on both sides of the brain, mostly in the thalami and brainstem.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from child to child. GARD's summary says they include:

  • Sudden seizures
  • Changes in alertness (altered consciousness)
  • Quick decline in brain and nerve function
  • Liver problems of varying degrees

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
What did my child's brain MRI show?
How is my child's liver being monitored?
Which specialists should follow my child's recovery?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually startChild

GARD says it follows a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, such as mycoplasma or influenza, in a previously healthy child. It doesn't list a gene cause.

InfectiousNeurological

Also known as: anec; isolated acute necrotizing encephalopathy; isolated ane

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhoodGARD ID 17257 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood.

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