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Living with Acute flaccid myelitis

A condition of the spinal cord that causes sudden muscle weakness and loss of reflexes, often after a viral illness.

Understanding Acute flaccid myelitis

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a condition that affects the spinal cord and leads to muscle weakness and loss of reflexes.

Most people who develop AFM had a viral illness with flu-like symptoms one to four weeks before. Many people continue to have muscle weakness for months to years. Sometimes the muscles used for breathing weaken, and a ventilator is needed to help with breathing.

Signs & symptoms

Symptoms vary from person to person. GARD's summary says they include:

  • Sudden weakness in an arm or leg
  • Loss of muscle tone
  • Weak or missing reflexes
  • Pain
  • Weakness in the face
  • Trouble swallowing, speaking, or moving the eyes

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include brain and nervous system specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Connect with expert centers

    Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association may keep lists of experts for this condition.

Care & treatment

Care team
Brain and nervous system specialists (neurologists)
Expert care
Expert lists: Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
What did my MRI and lab tests show?
What kind of rehabilitation could help with muscle weakness?
What changes in breathing or swallowing should I report right away?

Quick facts

Symptoms usually starta variety of ages

GARD says it is not clear why some people develop AFM and others do not. Most people had a viral illness with flu-like symptoms first.

Neurological

Also known as: afm

Patient organizations

Source: NIH GARD · Acute flaccid myelitisGARD ID 13142 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

Explore research for Acute flaccid myelitis

Explore actively recruiting Acute flaccid myelitis studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Acute flaccid myelitis with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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