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Living with Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

An inherited condition with a range of severity, affecting organs like the liver, spleen, and lungs, sometimes with nervous system symptoms.

Understanding Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency is an inherited lysosomal disease caused by changes in the SMPD1 gene.

Symptoms range along a spectrum. The more severe end, once called Niemann-Pick disease type A, involves an enlarged liver and spleen and rapid nervous system decline. The milder end, once called type B, is a later-onset, long-term condition with enlarged liver and spleen and lung problems. Some people fall in between, called type A/B.

Signs & symptoms

GARD doesn't list a symptom list for this condition yet. The summary describes these features:

  • Enlarged liver and spleen
  • Nervous system decline (severe type)
  • Lung problems (milder type)

Not everyone has every symptom. GARD's list comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology.

Diagnosis

  1. Talk with your doctor

    Share the symptoms you've noticed, when they started and your family health history. Notes and photos can help.

  2. See a specialist

    Specialists who may be involved include genetic specialists.

  3. Ask which tests can help

    Your care team will decide which exams and tests can confirm the diagnosis.

Care & treatment

Care team
Genetic specialists (geneticists)
Expert care
Ask about multidisciplinary care centers for rare conditions
Treatment
GARD doesn't list specific treatments for this condition. Your care team will tailor care to your symptoms.
Research
Clinical trials and observational studies may be options. See the research section below.

General information, not medical advice. Your care team makes the decisions.

Everyday life

Living with a rare condition is easier with support.

  • Connect with rare disease patient organizations for support
  • Keep notes on symptoms, changes and questions for appointments
  • Ask about patient registries that help research
  • Look into financial aid and travel resources for care visits
Bring these questions to your next doctor visit
Which type of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency applies to me or my child?
Which specialists should follow the liver, spleen, and lungs?
Should family members have SMPD1 genetic testing?

Quick facts

Changes in the SMPD1 gene cause this condition. It is autosomal recessive, so a child inherits a changed copy of the gene from each parent.

GeneticLysosomal Storage

Patient organizations

Rare-disease groups that can help

Source: NIH GARD · Acid sphingomyelinase deficiencyGARD ID 26231 · GARD page updated September 2026 · Plain-language summary by Know Rare; editorial review pending. General information, not medical advice.

You are more than your diagnosis

Perspectives from people navigating life with Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

Explore the Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency blog

Explore research for Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

Explore actively recruiting Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency studies with HealthSpark.

HealthSpark

Find actively recruiting studies for Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency with HealthSpark. Share your city to explore research near you.

  • Recruiting studies from ClinicalTrials.gov
  • Share your city to look for research near you
  • Eligibility is confirmed by the study team

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Powered by HealthSpark, our AI chat helper · Study information from ClinicalTrials.gov · Eligibility is confirmed by the study team.

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